Liliaceae: Lily Family — Calochortus (Mariposa Lilies)
White Globe Lily / Fairy Lantern – Calochortus albus
Blooms:
Apr–June
Plant Height:
20–80 cm
Flower Size:
Medium
Origin:
Native
Habitat:
Shaded slopes and open woods
Notes:
Very common and unmistakable. Pendulous flowers have three, delicate, hair-fringed, creamy-white (occasionally pinkish) petals, each with a protruding hump where the nectar gland is to be found inside the flower. The 3-sided seeds pods are distinctive and surprisingly large. The location of the plants can be identified early in the season by its single, strap-like leaf lying prostrate on the ground.
Plain Mariposa Lily – Calochortus invenustus
Blooms:
May–Aug
Plant Height:
20–50 cm
Flower Size:
Large
Origin:
Native
Habitat:
Dry soil, mostly granitic, generally in pine forests
Notes:
Unmistakably a mariposa lily with its bell-shaped flower, upright with three large petals and long, slender sepals. Flowers are white to pale lilac, very similar to Splendid Mariposa Lily (Calochortus splendens, see below). However, this is easily distinguished by 1) its sepals (which are appressed to the petals rather than recurved), and 2) the short hairs comprising the fringed membrane around the sunken nectar glands at the base of the petals.
Yellow Mariposa Lily – Calochortus luteus
Blooms:
May–June
Plant Height:
20–50 cm
Flower Size:
Large
Origin:
Native
Habitat:
Open grassland and slopes
Notes:
This is a common but beautiful mariposa lily with intense lemon-yellow flowers, marked with red-brown lines and/or blotches in the mid area of the petals. There are dense matted short yellow/orange hairs on the nectaries near the base of the petals. Mostly found on and around the Monterey Peninsula, away from the immediate coast.
Splendid Mariposa Lily – Calochortus splendens
Blooms:
May–July
Plant Height:
20–60 cm
Flower Size:
Large
Origin:
Native
Habitat:
Dry soils, often granitic, grassland and chaparral
Notes:
Unmistakably a mariposa lily with its bell-shaped flower, upright with three large petals and long, slender sepals. Flowers are uniformly lilac, occasionally purple-spotted near the base, very similar to Plain Mariposa Lily (Calochortus invenustus, see above). But this is easily distinguished by 1) its sepals, which are typically reflexed (rather than appressed to the petals), and by 2) the inside of the petals, which are densely long-hairy, with nectaries that are not sunken (rather than having a fringed membrane around sunken nectar glands).
Large-flowered Star Tulip – Calochortus uniflorus
Blooms:
Apr–June
Plant Height:
10–40 cm
Flower Size:
Large
Origin:
Native
Rare or endangered?
Yes – 4.2
Habitat:
Low wet meadows
Notes:
Despite its name, this is also a mariposa lily, found in coastal areas, mainly on the Monterey Peninsula. The flower is white to lilac with fine hairs and sometimes purple blotches surrounding the nectar glands which are covered by a broad fringed membrane. Each stem bears a single flower (hence “uniflorus”) but there may be as many as 5 stems arising out of a single bulblet, blooming in succession.
Butterfly Mariposa Lily – Calochortus venustus
Blooms:
May–July
Plant Height:
20–60 cm
Flower Size:
Large
Origin:
Native
Habitat:
Light sandy soil, inland
Notes:
This is exceptionally beautiful even by mariposa lily standards. Extremely variable in its coloration (white, yellow, pink, purple or even dark red), but most commonly white with pinkish markings. Petals have a large red blotch near the base, with a second paler blotch above. Petals are sparsely hairy near their base. The nectary is more or less square, with short yellow hairs.
